DOI: https://doi.org/10.36719/2707-1146/62/12-18
The Effect of Fungi Belonging to the Trichoderma Genus
on the Biological Productivity of Food Crops
Gulnar Shirinova1* 
, Vusala Suleymanova1,2 , Susan Abdullayeva3
Abstract. The article presents the results of the impact of fungi from the Trichoderma genus on the biological productivity of important agricultural foods. During the research, samples were taken from the relatively clean soils of Absheron, from the rhizosphere of plants there, and from irrigated soils. At the same time, the mycological processes observed in recent years in the transboundary rivers of the Eastern Zangazur economic region (Aras, Okchuchay, Besitchay, Bergushadchay, Agachay), which have been subjected to anthropogenic impacts, have been comparatively assessed in terms of their ecological and biological significance. The conducted studies have shown that the fungal species comprising the microbiota complex formed in soil and water ecosystems are characterized by a high adaptability to the ecological environment, specific associations with the plant rhizosphere, and active metabolic participation in nutrient transformation. In particular, the micromycetes detected in the waters of transboundary rivers (such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, etc.) play a crucial role in decomposition processes, organic matter transformation, and ecosystem self-restoration. Additionally, the characteristics of the species involved in the formation of the microbiota of plants growing there were also determined. Among these microorganisms, both saprotrophic and facultative pathogenic representatives are present, and their balance is considered one of the key factors determining the microecological stability of the plant–soil system. At the same time, in addition to increasing the productivity of plants grown in these soils, they also serve as regulators in the nitrogen and carbon balance of the soils. To optimize plant growth and increase productivity, both biotic and abiotic factors are required. Organic substances influence the life activities of microorganisms present in the soil and plant, and providing these substances to them is considered an essential condition. In addition, the increase in the productivity of areas that are crucial for agricultural purposes can be considered a key indicator, depending on factors such as the interrelations of microorganisms in the soil, the impact of natural climatic and soil conditions on the environment, the rapid progression of microbiological processes, and other factors. When evaluating soils based on microbiological indicators, the main criterion is to assess the microdiversity of the senoz present there, in terms of its species and numerical composition. Taking all these indicators into account, the research has reflected the use of spore suspensions and cultural media obtained from species belonging to the Trichoderma genus to enhance the development ability of various plant seeds and intensify their productivity. Among the species of this genus, strains such as T. harzianum SH-58 and T. asperellum SH-15 can be mentioned as biological control agents, as these strains exhibit antagonistic interactions against several harmful phytopathogens.
Keywords: microorganisms, cultural solution, phytosanitary condition, biological productivity, climate-soil conditions