DOI: https://doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/121/61-66
Husniyya Ismayilova
Baku State University
https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9875-5154
husniyyaismayilov@gmail.com
The Classification Concept of Language and Speech
Abstract
The article examines the functional classification of language and speech and their theoretical foundations regarding their social role. Language is not only a means of communication, but also a carrier of thought, culture, and social consciousness. Modern linguistics distinguishes several functions of language, including communicative, regulatory, cognitive, accumulative, national-spiritual, expressive, aesthetic and ideological functions.
Particular emphasis is placed on the communicative function of language, as all other functions are formed based on it. The article highlights the regulatory function of language, explaining it in connection with psychology—speech is not only used to transmit information, but also serves as a primary tool for planning and regulating human behavior. The cognitive function plays a crucial role in perceiving objective reality and shaping thought.
Overall, the article demonstrates that language is a multifunctional, interrelated system that carries socio-historical experience. It analyzes the classification concepts of language and speech from functional perspectives, based on theoretical and methodological principles. Language is presented not merely as a means of communication but as a fundamental vehicle of human cognition, culture, and collective consciousness.
The study emphasizes that communication is the primary function of language, with all other functions operating within its framework.
The cognitive function is decisive for acquiring knowledge, understanding reality, and developing reasoning abilities.
Thus, the article systematically explores the multifunctional nature of language, the interconnection of its functions, and its role in preserving and transmitting socio-historical experience across generations.
Keywords: linguistics, speech functions, functional classification, communicative function, regulatory function, cognitive function, accumulative function, psycholinguistics, social communication