Ecstasy as a Path to Freedom in Nikos Kazantzakis’ Zorba the Greek: A Nietzschean Interpretation
Samir Arab
Abstract. The present article examines the concept of ecstasy as a pathway to existential freedom in Zorba the Greek through a Nietzschean philosophical framework. It argues that Nikos Kazantzakis constructs the character of Zorba as the embodiment of Friedrich Nietzsche's ideal of life-affirmation, transcending conventional moral constraints through instinct, creativity, and joyful self-overcoming. By embracing dance, labor, sensuality, laughter, and suffering as interconnected expressions of existence, Zorba achieves a form of ecstatic consciousness that liberates the individual from fear, dogma, and social conformity. In contrast, the intellectual narrator, known as the Boss, represents the tension between rational restraint and the desire for authentic self-realization, highlighting the transformative potential of Zorba's philosophy of lived experience. Drawing on Nietzschean concepts such as the Übermensch, the will to power, Dionysian affirmation, and the transvaluation of values, this scrutiny demonstrates that ecstasy in Kazantzakis' novel is not merely emotional exaltation but an existential mode of being that enables spiritual autonomy and creative freedom. Ultimately, the paper contends that Zorba the Greek reimagines Nietzsche's philosophy in literary form, presenting ecstasy as an ethical and ontological practice through which individuals affirm life in all its contradictions and attain genuine freedom.
Keywords: Nikos Kazantzakis, Zorba the Greek, Friedrich Nietzsche, ecstasy, existential freedom, Dionysian philosophy, will to power, übermensch, life affirmation, existentialism, self-overcoming, modern Greek literature