DOI: https://doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/118/109-112
Nazanin Khanmuradova
Azerbaijan State Economic University
Master student
https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9962-6032
khanmuradovanazenin@gmail.com
Metrological Properties of Measuring Instruments and
Their Main Components
Abstract
Measuring instruments are devices used to measure any physical quantity and their accuracy, sensitivity, stability and reliability are considered the main factors determining the quality of measurement processes. These characteristics, in addition to ensuring the accuracy of measurement results, allow obtaining accurate and reliable data in industry, science, medicine and other fields. The main components of measuring instruments consist of several important parts. One of them is a sensor or transducer. Sensors receive physical quantities (temperature, pressure, speed, voltage, etc.) and convert them into electrical or other types of signals. Transducers, in turn, convert these signals into the appropriate form and send them to the transmitting elements. Transmitting elements perform the function of amplifying, processing and transmitting signals to other systems. Indicating or recording devices present the received signals visually or digitally in a human-readable format. In modern measurement systems, signal processing modules also play a special role, these modules process the received data and help minimize errors.
For the correct operation of measuring instruments, their calibration and periodic verification are important. The calibration process involves checking the accuracy level by comparing the indicators of the measuring instrument with standard measuring instruments. As a result of calibration, errors that may exist in the measuring instrument are detected and corrections are made. At the same time, regular inspection and maintenance measures are carried out to ensure that the measuring instruments comply with metrology requirements during their operation. Errors in measuring instruments can arise for various reasons. These include random errors, systematic errors and gross errors. Random errors are mainly caused by external factors, environmental influences or the human factor.
Keywords: Measuring instruments, metrology, accuracy, sensitivity, sensors, calibration, verification, signal processing, digital technologies, industrial measurements