DOI: https://doi.org/10.36719/2706-6185/55/121-126
Roza Ismayilova
Baku State University
Master's student
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2708-0883
roza.ismayilova.hikmatovna06@gmail.com
Forensic Anthropology as a Tool of International Humanitarian Law: Azerbaijan’s Post-Conflict Experience
Abstract
This article explores how forensic anthropology can operationalise international humanitarian law (IHL) in the aftermath of armed conflict, using Azerbaijan’s recent experience as a case study. International humanitarian law establishes binding obligations for both states and non-state armed actors to undertake all feasible measures aimed at locating, recovering, and identifying persons who have died in connection with armed conflict, as well as to ensure that relevant information concerning their fate is communicated to their families. The interdisciplinary field of forensic anthropology—drawing on osteology, archaeology, medicine, and law—has become essential for fulfilling these obligations, especially in contexts of mass violence and mass graves. Through a qualitative analysis of legal instruments, academic literature, and selected Azerbaijani research, the article examines how forensic methods support the identification of human remains, document war crimes, and protect victims’ rights. It draws attention to the progressive development of humanitarian forensic action, addresses the ethical and methodological complexities inherent in mass grave investigations, and underscores the importance of sustained international cooperation. The findings suggest that by investing in training, adopting international standards, and building forensic databases, Azerbaijan can strengthen both domestic justice and regional humanitarian mechanisms.
Keywords: forensic anthropology, international humanitarian law, mass graves, missing persons, identification of remains, humanitarian cooperation