Development of an Accessible Remote Method for

Monitoring Landslide Processes

Fakhraddin Gabibov^1* , Arzu Zeynalov² , Konul Bayramova³

Abstract. Remote methods for studying and monitoring exogenous processes have been used since ancient times. In the 18th century, the determination of the size and spatial position of objects was done through their drawn images in central projection, which were obtained using a camera obscura from elevated places and ships. The next stage in the development of remote methods was the invention of photography, the photographic lens, and the stereoscope. Photographs of the landscape, taken from a bird's-eye view using balloons and kites, received high cartographic recognition. Currently, drones equipped with cameras are effectively used for studying and monitoring the development of landslide processes. However, even this method has its drawbacks. Thus, it is virtually impossible to fix a drone with photographic equipment in a stationary position for an extended period at a chosen high near-distance observation point. The authors have proposed a simplified method of photogrammetric surveying for near-distance research on large landslide processes. The method involves using various flying vehicles instead of aerial photography. Periodic photography is carried out from elevated points of seismic-resistant high-rise buildings and structures (television towers, chimneys, high masts, and high-voltage power line towers) located outside the landslide-prone area. The method, in comparison to aerial photography, is significantly simpler, cheaper, and allows for more accurate information about the dynamics of landslide, erosion, and abrasion processes due to the possibility of conducting multiple surveys from stationary points over different periods. First of all, we achieve the effect of stationary, relatively inexpensive research on the development of the landslide process over a long period, during which periodic photography of the designated area or object on the landslide slope surface is carried out automatically according to a set program. The method can also be implemented using two or more cameras installed on two or more seismic-resistant high-rise structures located in the vicinity of the large landslide area under study. The equipment installed on the elevated structures can be equipped with automatic systems programmed for emergency response to the rapid development of the landslide process and alerting operators via mobile or satellite communication networks. The development is distinguished by its relative affordability, accuracy, and accessibility.

Keywords: landslide, periodic photography, high-rise buildings, method, landslide process